Combined Recirculatory-compartmental Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Arterial and Venous Plasma S(+) and R(–) Ketamine Concentrations

Effect of rifampicin on S-ketamine and S-norketamine plasma concentrations in healthy volunteers after intravenous S-ketamine administration.

BACKGROUND Low-dose ketamine is used as analgesic for acute and chronic pain. It is metabolized in the liver to norketamine via cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. There are few human data on the involvement of CYP enzymes on the elimination of norketamine and its possible contribution to analgesic effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CYP enzyme induction by rifampicin on t...

The two-compartment recirculatory pharmacokinetic model--an introduction to recirculatory pharmacokinetic concepts.

BACKGROUND Some limitations of traditional ("mamillary") compartmental pharmacokinetic models of anaesthetic related drugs arise from representing the blood as a central compartment. Recirculatory pharmacokinetic models overcome these limitations. It is proposed that the simplest recirculatory model has only two compartments, and that understanding the properties of this model is a useful intro...

Clinical Pharmacokinetic Applications of Recirculatory Models

S(+)-ketamine effect on experimental pain and cardiac output: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling study in healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND Low-dose ketamine behaves as an analgesic in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. To further understand ketamine's therapeutic profile, the authors performed a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of the S(+)-ketamine analgesic and nonanalgesic effects in healthy volunteers. METHODS Ten men and ten women received a 2-h S(+)-ketamine infusion. The infusion was inc...

Basic concepts of recirculatory pharmacokinetic modelling.